Examples of Theoretical Foundations (Proposal / Research / Thesis)
Example of theoretical foundation – When compiling a proposal, research or thesis, you will often experience difficulties. Aside from ideas, the theoretical foundation part is often something that is considered difficult for many people.
So what exactly is the meaning of the theoretical basis?
Here are some reviews of understanding to examples of theoretical foundations for proposals, research and theses that can be your learning material:
Definition of Theoretical Foundation
Theory has an understanding of one element that has an important role in a study.
This theory is a scientific element that explains social phenomena or events that are of concern in a study.
The basis of this theory contains a series of definitions, concepts, contracts, assumptions, and propositions that provide explanations related to social phenomena by formulating relationships between variables that are arranged systematically. The existence of this theoretical basis makes the research carried out has a strong theoretical basis.
In order for your research to be meaningful, you need to pay close attention to the preparation of the theoretical basis correctly and correctly, because this theoretical basis is the initial foundation for the preparation of research, proposals and thesis.
Example of Theoretical Foundation
The following is an example of the arrangement of the theoretical basis in a research on betel leaf:
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL BASIS
2.1 Theoretical Foundation
2.1.1 Betel Leaf
In this day and age where more and more people are concerned with health and wellness, herbal remedies are also increasingly being sought as a treatment option.
One of the basic reasons why this is widely done is because the price is relatively more affordable and does not provide excessive side effects when consumed.
One of the plants that are often found around and has many benefits for treatment is betel. This betel leaf is believed to have many benefits as part of herbal medicine.
2.1.2 Betel (Piper betle L.)
Classification of betel plants
- Regnum : Plantae
- Division: Spermatophyta
- Subdivision : Angiosperms
- Classis : Dicotyledoneae
- Order: Piperales
- Family: Piperaceae
- Genus: Piper
- Species : Piper betle L.
2.1.3 Characteristics of Betel Plant
The betel plant which has the Latin name Piper betle L. is a climbing plant with a height of 5 to 15 cm.
Betel leaf has characteristic strands with an oval or oval shape and a heart-shaped base at the base.
The inflorescence on this betel plant consists of several grains that grow individually at the ends of the branches and opposite the leaves.
In male flowers, the length of the peduncle is about 1.5 – 3 cm with very short stamens.
While the female grains have a handle length of 2.5-6 cm with a pistil of 3-5 cm.
2.1.4 Chemical Content of Dauh Sirih
Betel leaf contains quite a variety of chemicals, including saponins, flavonoids, essential oils and polyphenols.
The many chemical constituents in this betel leaf make this leaf has many benefits including ulcer medicine, eye pain medicine, thrush medicine, nose bleed medicine and cough medicine.
2.1.6 Overview About Extract
Extract is a concentrated preparation produced by extracting the active substance from animal simplicia or vegetable simplicia using certain suitable solvents and through the evaporation process and leaving mass or powder as a result of the extraction process. The purpose of this extract is to make the nutritious substances in it easier to adjust the dosage when used.
In the process of making this extract, there are several manufacturing methods that can be carried out, including maceration, percolation and sohletation methods.
2.1.7 Overview of Lozenges
Tablets are solid preparations which contain medicinal ingredients with or without fillers. This tablet dosage form has advantages such as ease of presentation, accuracy of dosage, portability, and durability in a relatively long storage process.
Lozenges are solid dosage tablets containing one or more medicinal ingredients, with the addition of aromatic and sweet ingredients, which can make the tablets dissolve slowly and disintegrate when inhaled slowly in the mouth. Lozenges are used to treat or prevent infections in the oral cavity and jaw.
In the process of making lozenges, several additional ingredients are used, with the aim that the results of these lozenges are appropriate and meet the criteria for good lozenges.
The additives used for lozenges are generally tasteless, odorless, neutral and, if possible, colorless so that they do not cause noticeable physical changes when added to the base ingredient extract.
Additional materials needed to make lozenges include:
- The binders commonly used are polyethylene and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP).
- Lubricant, such as talc and magnesium stearate are used in a ratio of 9:1
- Diluents are used to ensure the tablet has the right size for the needs. fillers commonly used: glucose, lactose and levulose.
- Sweeteners and flavourings, such as mannitol, sucrose, saccharin and aspartame
2.2 Relevant Research Studies
After proving with research, the author will develop the content of betel leaf which has properties to treat various diseases, by extracting and making lozenges with additional binder in the form of polyvinyl pyrrolidone to increase comfort and convenience when consumed.
2.3 Framework for Thinking
Initially, the author found several facts that the use of betel leaf which is traditionally processed by boiling and consuming the boiled water is less desirable.
Therefore, in order to increase the ease and convenience of consuming betel leaf without reducing its efficacy, the research conducted by this author will make lozenges derived from betel leaf extract.
These lozenges, which are generally flavorful and sweet, will certainly be more comfortable when consumed by sucking slowly in the mouth until the tablet dissolves and disintegrates.
An important component that plays a role in the manufacture of lozenges is a binder. The presence of this binder will have an effect on the level of hardness of lozenges.
This research uses a binder in the form of Polyvinyl Pyrolidone (PVP) which is widely used to make granules. This PVP material has many advantages, such as being soluble in water and alcohol, is a dry binder that produces a dry and good tablet, and is safe for oral consumption.
When used as a binder with a concentration of 0.5 – 5%, it does not have a toxic effect because it is not absorbed by the mucous membrane or digestive tract.
2.4 Research Hypothesis
The increase in the concentration of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone binder has an effect on the physical properties of betel leaf extract lozenges (Piper betle L.).
Increasing the concentration of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) increases the hardness of lozenges, prolongs the dissolving time of lozenges, and decreases the friability of lozenges.
Those are examples of theoretical foundations that you can see or imitate, both for the purposes of making proposals, research and theses, both papers and street vendors reports are also the same.
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